Archive for the ‘Research’ Category

Antioxidants during pregnancy affect child

Friday, March 25th, 2011

Another interesting antioxidant study…

PHILADELPHIA, March 18 (UPI) — Feeding antioxidants to rats on a high-fat diet before and during pregnancy prevented obesity in offspring, U.S. researchers say.

Researchers at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia suggest a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet causes oxidative stress — an excess of free radicals — during pregnancy, predisposing the offspring to obesity and diabetes.

However, feeding the rats antioxidants before and during pregnancy prevented obesity and glucose intolerance in their children, the researchers say.

Senior author Dr. Rebecca A. Simmons, a neonatologist at the hospital, says if the results are repeated in humans, the research may have implications for reducing obesity rates in children.

“We already know that there are critical periods during human development that influence the later development of obesity,” Simmons says in a statement. “This research suggests that if we can prevent inflammation and oxidative stress during pregnancy, we may lower the risk that a child will develop obesity.”

Until further research is completed, whether pregnant or not, women should not conclude from this study that they should consume large doses of antioxidant vitamins, Simmons cautions.

Pomegranate Lowers Cancer Risk and Boosts Heart Health

Friday, February 4th, 2011

Pomegranates are a gift from nature that provides powerful multi-modal health benefits. Extracts and the juice from this super fruit are shown to lower the damaging effects from systemic inflammation that are now associated with the development of many deadly diseases.

Pomegranates have one of the highest antioxidant ORAC scores that help to neutralize the cellular and DNA damaging effects of free radicals that accelerate aging. Pomegranates are a tasty way to provide protection from the risk of developing many forms of cancer, cardiovascular and renal disease as well as stroke and dementia.

Pomegranate in the Fight against Cancer Proliferation

One of the hallmark signs of cancer progression is when cells lose their adhesive properties and break away to different parts of the body in a process known as metastasis. This mechanism of cellular transit provides for the deadly nature of many cancer lines, specifically prostate cancer. The result of research presented to the American Society for Cell Biology shows that pomegranate-treated tumor cells increased cell adhesion and decreased cell migration that can prevent the disease from spreading to different parts of the body.

The researchers conducting this study explain that their results would apply to most types of cancer. While the results of this study pertain specifically to prostate cancer proliferation, they can be applied to most cancer cell lines due to the migratory nature of this disease. The lead research author concludes “we can now modify cancer-inhibiting components in pomegranate juice to improve their function and make them more effective in preventing prostate cancer metastasis, leading to more effective therapies.”

Antioxidant Nature of Pomegranate Modifies Blood Lipids, Lowers Blood Pressure
The active compound in pomegranate is called ellagitannin and is credited for the powerful antioxidant capacity claimed by this super fruit. Pomegranate has been shown to influence gene expression and suppress the pro-inflammatory cytokine, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB). The fruit also activates an enzyme that is responsible for generating the artery-cleansing HDL cholesterol.

Information presented to the American Society of Nephrology reveals how pomegranate can inhibit the development of oxidized LDL cholesterol particles that become lodged in arterial vessel walls and cause arterial stiffening and increased blood pressure. Researchers found that extracts from the juice reduce the number of potentially fatal atherosclerotic lesions and protect the vascular system from damage, reducing the risk from a cardiovascular event.

Pomegranate is beneficial to human health because of its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. For optimal protection against heart disease and cancer, nutritional researchers advise drinking 8 ounces of the juice daily, combining the contents of an entire pomegranate into a smoothie or supplementing with 400 mg of concentrated extract. Health conscious individuals will certainly want to take advantage of this super fruit to dramatically lower risk from multiple disease processes.

Health news: Pomegranates can speed up labor

Tuesday, February 9th, 2010

Pomegranates could speed up childbirth

Pomegranates could help speed up childbirth - and may reduce the number of emergency Caesarean sections performed as a result of long labour. Research carried out at the University of Liverpool shows that the seeds of the fruit contain high levels of a steroid, betasitosterol. When the researchers added this natural extract to uterus tissue in laboratory tests, they found it increased muscle activity. Every year, around a quarter of babies born in England - 155,000 - are delivered by Caesarean. More than half the Caesareans performed are emergency procedures due to problems during labour.

It’s thought that the increasing number of obese women may be partly to blame. The Liverpool team hope that the pomegranate- seed extract could help reduce the number of Caesareans. However they stressed there is no evidence that drinking pomegranate juice will have the same effect. Source

No Deaths from Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids or Herbs

Tuesday, February 9th, 2010

There was not even one death caused by a dietary supplement in 2008, according to the most recent information collected by the U.S. National Poison Data System. The new 174-page annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers, published in the journal Clinical Toxicology, shows zero deaths from multiple vitamins; zero deaths from any of the B vitamins; zero deaths from vitamins A, C, D, or E; and zero deaths from any other vitamin.

Additionally, there were no deaths whatsoever from any amino acid or herbal product. This means no deaths at all from blue cohosh, echinacea, ginkgo biloba, ginseng, kava kava, St. John’s wort, valerian, yohimbe, Asian medicines, ayurvedic medicines, or any other botanical. There were zero deaths from creatine, blue-green algae, glucosamine, chondroitin, melatonin, or any homeopathic remedies.

Furthermore, there were zero deaths in 2008 from any dietary mineral supplement. This means there were no fatalities from calcium, magnesium, chromium, zinc, colloidal silver, selenium, iron, or multimineral supplements. Two children died as a result of medical use of the antacid sodium bicarbonate. The other “Electrolyte and Mineral” category death was due to a man accidentally drinking sodium hydroxide, a highly toxic degreaser and drain-opener.

No man, woman or child died from nutritional supplements. Period.

61 poison centers provide coast-to-coast data for the U.S. National Poison Data System, which is then reviewed by 29 medical and clinical toxicologists. NPDS, the authors write, is “one of the few real-time national surveillance systems in existence, providing a model public health surveillance system for all types of exposures, public health event identification, resilience response and situational awareness tracking.”
Over half of the U.S. population takes daily nutritional supplements. Even if each of those people took only one single tablet daily, that makes 154,000,000 individual doses per day, for a total of over 56 billion doses annually. Since many persons take more than just one vitamin or mineral tablet, actual consumption is considerably higher, and the safety of nutritional supplements is all the more remarkable.
If nutritional supplements are allegedly so “dangerous,” as the FDA and news media so often claim, then where are the bodies?

Those who wonder if the media are biased against vitamins may consider this: how many television stations, newspapers, magazines, and medical journals have reported that no one dies from nutritional supplements?

Reference:
Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR Jr, Green JL, Rumack BH, Giffin SL. 2008 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 26th Annual Report. Clinical Toxicology (2009). 47, 911-1084. The full text article is available for free download at http://www.aapcc.org/dnn/Portals/0/2008annualreport.pdf . Vitamins statistics are found in Table 22B, journal pages 1052-3. Minerals, herbs, amino acids and other supplements are in the same table, pages 1047-8.

Study finds antioxidants helpful to preserve muscle strength

Thursday, December 3rd, 2009

Antioxidants are believed to provide a host of health benefits from boosting immunity to fighting cancer. And now researchers say antioxidants like vitamins C and E may preserve muscle function in older adults.

According to Reuters, researchers from the University of Pittsburgh followed 2,000 men and women in their 70s for two years. Participants were surveyed about their eating habits and had their grip strength tested in the beginning and at the end of the study period.

They found what they call a “significant” link between the intake of vitamins C and E and an increase in muscle strength, regardless of initial strength levels.

Lead researcher Dr Anne Newman told Reuters it’s not clear whether the antioxidant-rich vitamins preserved muscle strength or if they’re just indicative of an overall healthy diet. “Since they’re in the food, they could be directly related, or they could be marking diets high in fruits and vegetables and low in sodium – all of which would have beneficial effects,” she said.

Newman and her team previously found that physical activity and protein were important in preserving strength. She said these findings prove that a healthy, balanced diet is imperative for people to avoid becoming frail in old age.

According to WebMD, vitamin C is found in food sources like berries, citrus fruits, red and green peppers and sweet potatoes. Dietary sources that are high in vitamin E include broccoli, carrots, nuts and spinach. Both vitamins are also widely available in nutritional supplement form.

Source: drcutler.com

Pomegranate Supports Prostate Gland

Tuesday, November 17th, 2009

A recently published study investigated the potential benefits of ellagitannins, which are constituents of pomegranate. The effects of ellagitannins on the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP1B1 were studied in regards to the effect this enzyme has on prostate cancer development. Cytochrome P450 enzymes metabolize thousands of endogenous and exogenous compounds including drugs, normal metabolites and toxic compounds. Cytochrome P450 1B1 is an enzyme known to be highly expressed in several human cancers but not in healthy tissues. Additionally, the metabolites of pomegranate juice ellagitannins localize to particular areas of the body including the prostate gland.

In this study, pomegranate constituents and metabolites including urolithin A, urolithin B, urolithin C, punicalins and punicalagins were evaluated for their effect on the cytochrome P450 enzymes.

The results showed that urolithin A, which is produced by the gastrointestinal micro-organisms ’ metabolism of ellagitannins, was the most potent inhibitor of CYP1B1-mediated activity. Additionally, urolithin A selectively inhibited CYP1B1 over CYP1A1 by 2-fold, which is important as CYP1A1 is associated with anti-cancer activity. In prostate cancer cells, urolithins were found to decrease CYP1B1 activity and expression.

The researchers believe that their study has suggested a previously unknown mechanism of action of pomegranate juice constituents and that systemically available metabolites of pomegranate juice could lower the incidence of prostate cancer initiation.

Reference:
Kasimsetty SG, Bialonska D, Reddy MK, Thornton C, Willett KL, Ferreira D. Effects of Pomegranate Chemical Constituents/Intestinal Microbial Metabolites on CYP1B1 in 22Rv1 Prostate Cancer Cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Oct 26.

New research: resveratrol improves diabetes by affecting the brain

Wednesday, November 11th, 2009

Think of a treatment for diabetes, and you probably think of a drug or natural therapy that targets the pancreas to help normalize blood sugar levels. Resveratrol, a phytochemical found in red grapes, has been shown to have a host of health benefits — including improving diabetes in animal studies. But, it turns out, that’s not necessarily because it benefits the pancreas. Instead, scientists have made an unexpected discovery: resveratrol’s anti-diabetic properties appear to be mediated through the brain.

That’s the conclusion of a new study conducted by scientists at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas, that was just published in Endocrinology, a journal of The Endocrine Society. The researchers focused on sirtuins, a class of proteins activated by resveratrol that are thought to underlie many of the potential beneficial effects of calorie restriction, including promoting longevity and slowing down the aging process.

Early studies in mice have produced important evidence showing that when resveratrol activates sirtuins, diabetes is improved. While sirtuins are expressed virtually all over the body, until now researchers have remained in the dark about what tissues could be mediating resveratrol’s beneficial effects on the disease.

“We know that sirtuins are expressed in parts of the brain known to govern glucose metabolism, so we hypothesized that the brain could be mediating resveratrol’s anti-diabetic actions,” said Roberto Coppari, PhD, of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and co-author of the study, in a statement to the media. “To test the hypothesis, we assessed the metabolic consequences of delivering resveratrol directly into the brain of diabetic mice. We found that resveratrol did activate sirtuins in the brain of these mice which resulted in improving their high levels of blood sugar and insulin. These findings may lead to new strategies in the fight against type 2 diabetes.”

Dr. Coppari and his research team found that long-term infusion of resveratrol into the brains of diet-induced obese and diabetic mice normalized the animals’ hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and greatly improved the rodents’ hyperinsulinemia (excess levels of circulating insulin in the blood). The scientists noted in their research paper that these beneficial effects were independent of changes in the lab animals’ body weight, food intake, and circulating levels of leptin (a hormone that helps regulate appetite and metabolism).

Source: Natural News

Antioxidants fight H1N1 respiratory damage in studies

Sunday, November 1st, 2009

A series of new studies from University of Alabama researchers, published November 2009, show how antioxidants could help fight respiratory complications of H1N1 flu. Respiratory damage from the virus has taken a toll, leading to death in otherwise healthy individuals. Through a series of experiments, the researchers found that antioxidants, the type found in plant based foods, prevent lung damage from the H1N1 virus.

Respiratory complications of flu occur when a segment of the M2 protein attacks the lining of the lungs, or epithelium. The researchers isolated a segment of the M2 protein. When they removed the segment, they found that the H1N1 virus no longer damaged lung protein. The same thing occurred when antioxidant drugs were added to the cells – antioxidants prevented the M2 protein from causing damage to respiratory cells.

According to Sadis Matalon, co-author of the study, published in the FASEB journal, “The recent outbreak of H1N1 influenza and the rapid spread of this strain across the world highlights the need to better understand how this virus damages the lungs and to find new treatments. Additionally, our research shows that antioxidants may prove beneficial in the treatment of flu.”

The study is published in the FASEB journal. Editor-in Chief of the journal, Gerald Weissmann, M.D. says, Although vaccines will remain the first line of intervention against the flu for a long time to come, this study opens the door for entirely new treatments geared toward stopping the[H1N1] virus after you’re sick…” The researchers found that antioxidants prevent lung damage from H1N1 by halting fluid buildup that sets the stage for pneumonia and respiratory failure from H1N1 flu.

To find how antioxidants prevent lung damage from flu, the scientists first looked at the function of lung protein. Next they studied the M2 protein in conjunction with lung protein, finding the segment of M2 protein that caused damage. When they removed the segment of the M2 protein responsible for the respiratory effects of H1N1, the damage no longer continued. Lastly, the researchers used antioxidants drugs in combination with the M2 protein and lung protein, finding that antioxidants prevented lung damage from H1N1 virus. The experiment was performed first on frog eggs, then on human cells, producing the same results each time.

The scientists suggest they may have found H1N1 flu’s weakness. Antioxidants are shown in lab experiments to prevent lung damage from H1N1 flu. The article, titled “Scientists discover influenza’s Achilles heel: Antioxidants”, is published in the November online issue of the FASEB journal. Antioxidants might help in the fight against H1N1 flu and the respiratory damage that occurs to cause severe illness and deaths. Supplements should not be used as a replacement for nutrition from whole foods for overall health and for boosting immunity.

Source: examiner.com

Supplementation with Fruit Extracts found to improve cognitive performance

Sunday, September 13th, 2009

A German study published in the August issue of the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease has linked high intake of fruit and vegetables to better plasma antioxidant status and better cognitive performance.

The study of 193 healthy people aged 45 to 102 shows that individuals who had higher daily intake of fruits and vegetables had higher cognitive performance and higher levels of antioxidants in their blood.

The study was conducted by Dr. M. Cristina Polidori, at the Department of Geriatrics, Marienhospital Herne, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Germany along with colleagues at with the Department of Pharmacology at Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the Department of Geriatrics at Perugia University, Italy.

“It is known that there is a strong association between fruit and vegetable intake and the natural antioxidant defenses of the body against free radicals, and It is also known that bad nutritional habits increase the risk of developing cognitive impairment with and without dementia,” Polidori said.

Cognitive impairment is found in people was Alzheimer’s disease, which affects four million Americans. There is no cure for the disease.

Another early study published in the Sept. 2009 issue of Journal of Nutrition suggests that greater intake of high antioxidant foods such as berries, Concord grapes, and walnuts may increase health span and enhance cognitive and motor function in aging.

The study was conducted by J.A. Joseph and colleagues from the USDA-Agriculture Research Service at Tufts University in Boston Massachusetts.

Numerous studies have indicated that people eating a diet containi high amounts of fruits and vegetables exhibit fewer age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, according to the authors.

Joseph and colleagues also found that blueberry or Concord grape juice supplementation in humans with mild cognitive impairment could increase verbal memory performance.

They explained that dietary supplementation with fruit and vegetable extracts high in antioxidants can lower the oxidative stress in aging and also enhance neuronal communication via increases in neuronal signaling and decreases in stress signals induced by oxidative/inflammatory stressors.

Another similar study published in the Sept 2006 issue of American Journal of Medicine suggests that many polyphenols in fruit and vegetables possess stronger neuroprotection against hydrogen peroxide than antioxidant vitamins.

In the study of 1836 Japanese Americans in King County Washington, Dai Q and colleagues from Vanderbilt School of Medicine found those who drank fruit and vegetable juices at least 3 times per week cuts their risk for Alzheimer’s disease by 76 percent and those who drank juices once or twice a week lowered their risk by 16 percent.

The inverse association was more significant among those carried an apolipoprotein Eepsilon-4 allele and those who were not physically active.

On the other hand, they did not find any association between dietary intake of vitamin E, C or beta-carotene or tea consumption and risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

Source: Foodconsumer.org


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